Uhlalutyo loMgaqo-nkqubo weRhafu yaseMelika yangoku: iTshayina kunye neZimpembelelo zeHlabathi (ngo-Epreli 2025)

I-United States, phantsi kolawulo lwayo lwangoku, isebenzise umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu ontsonkothileyo noguqukayo onefuthe elibalulekileyo kwiTshayina nakuqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Iimpawu eziphambili zoMgaqo-nkqubo weRhafu waseMelika wangoku:

• Iirhafu Eziphezulu eTshayina:I-US igcina iirhafu ezinkulu kwiimpahla ezivela eTshayina, eziphezulu kakhulu kunamanqanaba angaphambi kowama-2018. Ukusukela phakathi ku-Epreli 2025, irhafu ephakathi yase-US kwiimpahla zaseTshayina imi malunga 135-145%, kuquka phantse zonke iimpahla ezingeniswe zivela eTshayina. Oku kuquka ukonyuka okwenziwe ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli phezu kweerhafu ezikhoyo, kubalwa iinkxalabo malunga nokungalingani kwezorhwebo, ubusela bepropathi yengqondo, kunye nezenzo zorhwebo ezingafanelekanga.
• "Iirhafu ezihambelanayo" kwi-Global Imports:Ngaphandle kweTshayina, i-US iye yamkela umgaqo-nkqubo "weerhafu ezifanayo," ibeka isiseko Irhafu ye-10% kwiimpahla ezininzi ezingeniswayoevela kumazwe apho ine-extra yorhwebo. Nangona ezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki zifumene ukukhululwa okwethutyana kwezi rhafu zintsha zokubuyiselana, usetyenziso olubanzi lubonisa umahluko omkhulu kwimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo yangaphambili. Ukunyuka okucwangcisiweyo kwirhafu ethile yelizwe kuye kwamiswa kangangeentsuku ezingama-90 kumazwe amaninzi, ngaphandle kweTshayina, apho iirhafu ziye zonyuswa ngakumbi.
• Iirhafu ezijolise kuzo kwiiCandelo ezithile:Iirhafu ezazikho ngaphambili kumashishini athile afana nentsimbi (25%), i-aluminium (25%, ngoku kuquka iitini ezingenanto kunye nobhiya obusezikotini), kunye neemoto zisekhona. Ezi zijolise ekuphuculeni imveliso yasekhaya kula macandelo. Ulawulo lukwabonise iirhafu ezinokubakho kwixesha elizayo kwi-copper.
• Ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwe "De Minimis" Exemption eHong Kong:I-US iceba ukuphelisa umthetho othi "de minimis" wokuthunyelwa kwempahla evela eHong Kong ukususela nge-2 kaMeyi, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko omkhulu. Irhafu ye-120%kwizinto ezinexabiso elincinci.
• Ingqwalasela kwiMveliso yasekhaya:Injongo ephambili yomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu kukukhuthaza iinkampani ukuba zitshintshele imveliso eMelika. Ukuze intsimbi kunye ne-aluminium zifanelekele imeko yokungahlawuli rhafu, ngoku kufuneka "zinyibilikiswe kwaye zithululwe" okanye "zinyibilikiswe kwaye zifakwe" eMelika, ngokwahlukeneyo.

Impembelelo eTshayina:

• Ukunciphisa Okubalulekileyo Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Kumanye Amazwe:Iirhafu eziphezulu kulindeleke ukuba zinciphise kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eTshayina eMelika. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwehla kwesibini kwisithathukwiinyanga ezizayo ukuba amazinga erhafu akhoyo ayaqhubeka.
• Ukuhla koQoqosho:Nangona uqoqosho lwaseTshayina lubonise ukukhula nge-5.4% kwikota yokuqala ka-2025, luqiniswe kukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okulindelweyo kwirhafu ephezulu, iingcali zezoqoqosho ziqikelela ukwehla okukhulu kwiinyanga ezizayo ngenxa yemiqobo yorhwebo.
• Amanyathelo Okuziphindezela:I-China iphendule ngerhafu yayo kwiimpahla zaseMelika, okwangoku ngokwesilinganiso se 125%Oku kuchaphazela abathengisi baseMelika, ngakumbi kwezolimo (iimbotyi zesoya, inkukhu), kunye noomatshini abaphambili, okwenza iimveliso zabo zibize kakhulu kwimarike yaseTshayina. ITshayina ikwasongele ngokubeka ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwaye yongeze iinkampani zase-US kuluhlu olungenakuthenjwa lweenkampani kunye nolawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle.
• Utshintsho kubudlelwane boRhwebo:Imfazwe yorhwebo inyanzela iTshayina ukuba ifune ezinye iimarike kwaye iqinise ubudlelwane borhwebo nezinye iindawo.

Iimpembelelo zoqoqosho lwehlabathi:

• Iindleko ezinyukileyo kumashishini aseMelika nakubathengi:Iirhafu zisebenza njengerhafu kwimpahla engeniswayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni amaxabiso aphezulu kumashishini aseMelika axhomekeke kwizinto ezingeniswayo kwaye ekugqibeleni kubathengi baseMelika abathenga impahla engeniswayo. Amacandelo afana neempahla kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki kulindeleke ukuba abone ukunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso.
• Ukuncipha kwe-GDP yase-US kunye nokudodobala koqoqosho okunokwenzeka:Iimodeli zoqoqosho ziqikelela ukuba iirhafu zangoku, nangaphambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe ukuziphindezela, zinokunciphisa i-GDP yase-US. Kubandakanya iirhafu zokuziphindezela, impembelelo iqikelelwa ukuba Ukuncipha kwe-0% kwi-GDPAbanye oosomashishini balumkisa ngokudodobala koqoqosho okunokwenzeka ukuba irhafu ephezulu iyaqhubeka.
• Ilahleko emsebenzini:Nangona injongo ikukunyusela imveliso yasekhaya, iindleko zokufaka ezinye izinto kwamanye amashishini ziqikelelwa ukuba ziya kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni yimisebenzi kulo lonke uqoqosho lwaseMelika.
• Ukuphazamiseka koRhwebo lweHlabathi:Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wase-US udala ukungaqiniseki kwaye uphazamisa uthungelwano lokubonelela ngeenkonzo kwihlabathi liphela. Amanye amazwe asenokufuna amaqabane orhwebo angamanye, nto leyo enokubangela ukuqhekeka kwenkqubo yorhwebo lwehlabathi.
• Uxinzelelo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso:Iirhafu zinokuba negalelo ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso njengoko iindleko zokungenisa impahla zisanda kwaye zidluliselwa kubathengi.
• Uxinzelelo kuBudlelwane baMazwe ngaMazwe:Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu onzima uye waphazamisa ubudlelwane namaqabane emveli ase-US, amanye awo athandabuza ukuthembeka kwe-US njengeqabane lokurhweba kwaye acinga ngokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwawo kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko zase-US.

Iziphumo zexesha elifutshane kunye nezexesha elide:

Kwixesha elifutshane, iTshayina ibone ukunyuka kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eMelika njengoko iinkampani zizama ukuphumelela phambili ekunyusweni kwerhafu. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zexesha elide kulindeleke ukuba zibe yingozi kuzo zombini ezoqoqosho, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni okunokwenzeka kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yorhwebo lwehlabathi. Uzinzo lwamashishini axhomekeke kakhulu kurhwebo lwe-US-China luyathandatyuzwa.

Isiphelo:

Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yaseMelika ubonisa utshintsho olukhulu oluya ekukhuseleni oluneziphumo ezinkulu kwiTshayina nakuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Nangona iinjongo ezijoliswe kuzo ziquka ukulungisa ukungalingani kwezorhwebo kunye nokunyusa imveliso yasekhaya, uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba iimpembelelo ezimbi kwezoqoqosho, kubandakanya ukwehla kwe-GDP, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso abathengi, kunye nobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe obuphantsi, zinkulu kwaye zinokuqina ukuba indlela ekhoyo iyaqhubeka. Ukuma okwethutyana kunye nokukhululwa "kwiirhafu ezifanayo" kubonisa ukuqonda okuthile malunga nokuphazamiseka koqoqosho okubanzi, kodwa iirhafu eziphakamileyo kwiTshayina zihlala ziyindawo ephambili yoxinzelelo kunye nesizathu esiphambili esibumba ikamva lorhwebo lwehlabathi.